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Fitness Prof. Dr. Ziyad Issa Zayed Professors of Exercise Physiology and Fitness For a long time, there has been a widespread belief that regular physical activity leads to an increase in the physical fitness of the individual and returns to the body many health benefits. However, this belief did not become entrenched until the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century AD, when he witnessed many scientific studies on the effect of physical activity on body functions and the extent of negative effects resulting from physical inactivity. In addition to the above, additional scientific evidence and indicators have accumulated over the past decade that emphasized the importance of regular physical activity for the physical and psychological health of a human being. This has led many societies and specialized scientific bodies to issue working documents urging people to practice physical activity regularly and encouraging them to develop their physical fitness. . What do we mean by physical fitness? When we take a closer look at the common definitions of physical fitness in general, we find that it means for some specialists the possibility that an individual has to perform a physical work that requires muscular effort. In another definition, we see that physical fitness means the ability to perform a violent physical activity with vitality and without feeling very tired. For some, it is limited to both aerobic fitness (which is the ability to take oxygen, then transport and extract it) and muscular fitness (strength, endurance and flexibility). The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) defines physical fitness as those elements that are restricted to aerobic fitness (maximum oxygen consumption), body composition (body fat percentage), and musculoskeletal fitness (muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility). The American Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Mobility Expression (AAHPERD) takes into account the close association between health and physical activity, defining physical fitness as those elements that are associated with or affecting health, including cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and musculoskeletal fitness.